Molecular tools for study of biofilm physiology.

摘要: Publisher Summary This chapter describes methods for the handling and analysis of microbial behavior organisms in biofilm communities at both microscopic macroscopic levels. Only reporter systems that can be applied without disturbing spatial organization are presented. The situ described this used more than just identifying or tracing cells genes biofilms. By combining promoters respond to specific environmental signals with appropriate marker genes, it may possible tag use these as monitor estimate local chemical composition directly Changes conditions will also have significant effects on physiological state organisms. Such shifting result several responses, such altered growth rates, stress response, starvation, even cell death. Most responses visualized using promoter–reporter fusions. ribosome number is a reliable indicator rate bacteria growing balanced has been standard rates biofilm-embedded well.