Bark stripping, the crucial factor affecting stem rot development and timber production of Norway spruce forests in Central Europe

摘要: Abstract Bark stripping damage and the resultant stem rot to Norway spruce (Picea abies [L]. Karst), one of most important tree species, poses a serious problem for forest management in Europe. Our research objective was determine effect bark stripping, subsequent decay impact climatic factors young (42–49 years) stands. Moreover, we compared differences between caused by red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) sika nippon Temminck). In all cases studied, game lower stands when (SD − 77.3%) (RD 88.8%); 27.8% (SD) – 32.0% (RD) circumference damaged average. Damaged trees showed higher growth variability were more sensitive lack precipitation droughts, while air temperature had on healthy trees. The initial observed 11 14 year mean age. volume 25% 28% lightly trees, 50% 71% heavily vertical reached maximum up 4.5 m 6.0 m (mean 1.9–3.1 m) with speed spreading 5.7 cm yr−1 9.6 cm yr−1. decayed wood accounted 30% 39% volume. peripheral age first occurrence significant predicting crosscut area stem. During this time climate change, stability has been significantly disturbed game.