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摘要: Abstract. Woodpeckers are particularly susceptible to habitat changes resulting from forest management because of their reliance on trees and snags for nesting foraging. However, the influence variables reproductive success woodpeckers has received less attention than it in other avian taxonomic groups. We estimated nest-survival rates White-headed Woodpecker (Picoides albolarvatus), Hairy (P. villosus), Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus) managed ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests along eastern slope Cascade Range Washington, 2005–2010. Using a model-selection framework, we found that most supported models included terms quadratic effect date type Woodpecker, negative percent shrub cover linear type, snag density, positive tree density flicker. Surv...