Tumor Cells Surviving Exposure to Proton or Photon Radiation Share a Common Immunogenic Modulation Signature, Rendering Them More Sensitive to T Cell–Mediated Killing

摘要: Purpose To provide the foundation for combining immunotherapy to induce tumor antigen–specific T cells with proton radiation therapy exploit activity of those T cells. Methods and Materials Using cell lines tumors frequently treated radiation, such as prostate, breast, lung, chordoma, we examined effect on viability induction immunogenic modulation in cells by flow cytometric immunofluorescent analysis surface phenotype functional immune consequences. Results These studies show first time that ( 1 ) photon induced comparable up-regulation molecules involved recognition (histocompatibility leukocyte antigen, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, tumor-associated antigens carcinoembryonic antigen mucin 1); 2 mediated calreticulin cell-surface expression, increasing sensitivity cytotoxic T-lymphocyte killing cells; 3 cancer stem cells, which are resistant direct cytolytic nonetheless up-regulated after a manner similar non-cancer cells. Conclusions findings offer rationale use combination immunotherapy, including patients who have failed alone or limited treatment options.