The Epidemiology of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma

摘要: Abstract The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has increased in many Western countries, and is higher men than women. Some risk factors for EAC have been identified—mainly gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Barrett's esophagus, obesity, tobacco smoking. It not clear whether interventions to address these can reduce EAC, although some evidence exists smoking cessation. Although consumption alcohol associated with risk, other exposures, such as physical activity, nutrition, medication use, require further study. Genetic variants but their overall contribution low. Studies are needed investigate associations between the molecular subtypes EAC. prognosis patients slightly improved, remains poor—screening surveillance trials high-risk individuals needed.