Quantification of pathogens and markers of fecal contamination during storm events along popular surfing beaches in San Diego, California.

摘要: Along southern California beaches, the concentrations of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) used to quantify potential presence contamination in coastal recreational waters have been previously documented be higher during wet weather conditions (typically winter or spring) than those observed summer dry conditions. FIB are for management because measurement bacterial and viral pathogens that causes illness beachgoers exposed stormwater can expensive, time-consuming, technically difficult. Here, we use droplet digital Polymerase Chain Reaction (digital PCR) reverse transcriptase PCR RT-PCR) assays direct quantification pathogenic viruses, bacteria, source-specific markers discharges. We applied these across multiple storm events from two different watersheds discharge popular surfing beaches San Diego, CA. Stormwater discharges had as compared proximal often by ten-fold more weather. Multiple lines evidence indicated contained human contamination, despite separate sewer sanitary systems both watersheds. Human source (up 100% samples, 20-12440 HF183 copies per 100 ml) norovirus 96% 25-495 NoV were routinely detected samples. Potential also quantified: Campylobacter spp. 16-504 gene Salmonella 25% 6-86 ml). Other measured, but occurred at generally lower concentrations: adenovirus (detected up 22% 14-41 AdV ml); no enterovirus was any sample. Higher avian noted located immediately downstream a large bird sanctuary along with increased notably species composition watershed sanctuary. This study is one few directly measure an array important provides context stormwater-based high risk wet-weather periods. Furthermore, combination culture-based PCR-derived data demonstrated valuable assessing hydrographic relationships, considering delivery mechanisms, providing foundational exposure information assessment.