Water Use for Unconventional Natural Gas Development Within the Susquehanna River Basin
作者： M.K. Shank , J.W. Balay , J. Richenderfer
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-803237-4.00010-0
关键词:
摘要: Abstract The unconventional natural gas industry emerged as a new water user in the Susquehanna River Basin northeast United States 2008. Through 2013, total of 2860 wells were hydraulically fractured, with each fracturing event consuming an average 4.3 million gallons water. amount consumptively used by during this period was 13.4 billion (109) gallons. majority withdrawn from surface waters. Data indicate has not negatively impacted established users and suggest that primary competition for resources occurred between ecosystems. novel challenges posed industry, which is most active small watersheds low yields, have been met regulatory changes such passby flows are intended to be protective while allowing sustainable development.
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