Evaluation of flow through culture technique for commercial production of sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) larvae

摘要: Sea urchin gonad is a valuable food product. The world harvest increased from 48 000 tonnes in 1982 to peak of 120 1995 mainly due the expansion Chilean, Canadian and US (Californian Maine) fisheries (Andrew, Agatsuma, Ballesteros, Bazhin, Creaser, Barnes, Botsford, Bradbury, Campbell, Dixon, Einarsson, Gerring, Hebert, Hunter, Hur, Johnson, Juinio-Menez, Kalvass, Miller, Moreno, Palleiro, Rivas, Robinson, Schroetr, Steneck, Vadas, Woodby & Xiaoqi 2002). However, this was followed by sharp decline during late 90′s first decade new millennium (Pearce 2010) overfishing. Japan considered as main sea consumer importing over 6000 metric gonads with value 251 million dollars. By 2007, Japanese imports had 300% 2010). retail price unprocessed fresh Europe varies greatly depending on season, country, species retailer type can vary between 0.30 3 € per individual, whereas processed reach 150 kg . Research culture has been developing rapidly, especially Europe, develop methods for intensive cultivation roe enhancement Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, Paracentrotus lividus (Grosjean, Spirlet, Gosselin, Vaitilingon Jangoux 1998; Bottger, Devin Walker 2006) Psammechinus miliaris (Kelly, Scholfield McKenzie 2000; Cook Kelly 2007). Among these species, P. most consumed therefore it good candidate diversification European aquaculture (Grosjean et al. 1998). industry dependant reliable supply juveniles. highly prolific up 10 eggs female, however, larval survival, which at best 5% stocked under standard commercial conditions, remains key bottleneck limiting potential development echinoculture. Although number studies have investigated diets improve echinoplutei survival (Pedrotti Fenaux 1993; Jimmy, Beaumont 2003; Carcamo, Candia Chaparro 2005; Liu, Kelly, Cook, Black, Orr, Zhu Dong 2007; Carboni, Vignier, Tocher Migaud 2012), there less effort optimization rearing protocols survival. Rearing systems used larviculture usually involve static system complete water exchange every 2 or days Liu already 2000, Russell described advantages flow through rearing. Moreover, demonstrated many other marine such Abalone, Haliotis sp. (Olin McBride 2000), Lobster Hommarus gammarus 2000) bivalves, pearl oyster, Pinctada margaritifera clams (Southgate Ito Braley 1993),