Laser Tattoo Removal

摘要: Tattooing of human skin dates back to prehistoric times, with evidence tattoos present in artifacts from the Bronze Age and Paleolithic period. Egyptian mummies have been discovered on their bodies (Kent Graber, Dermatol Surg 38(1):1–13, 2012). Tattoos placed for body decoration, as a form expression, cosmetic medical purposes. Traumatic can also result injury resulting implantation particles (Bernstein, Clin 24(1):43–55, 2006). In United States, approximately 1 out every 4 adults ages 18–24 has tattoo (Armstrong et al., J Adolesc Health 35(1):58–61, 2004; Armstrong Arch 132(4):412–416, 1996). Historical methods removal both mechanical chemical. These included abrading followed by application salt (Manchester, Calif Med 118(3):10–12, 1973), various concentrations trichloroacetic acid, dermabrasion, which involves using wire brush or diamond fraise wheel remove level papillary dermis along pigment 2012; Bernstein, Semin Plast 21(3):175–192, 2007). Electrocautery liquid nitrogen used try destroy pigment. Although may be removed above methods, rate scarring dyspigmentation is very high given that these are non-selectively destructive (Gupta, Reconstr 36(3):354–361, 1965; Ruiz-Esparza Oncol 14(12):1372–1376, 1988; Dvir Hirshowitz, 66(3):373–379, 1980; Colver Dawber Int 24(9):567–568, 1985). Surgical excision long an option removal, but difficult often located anatomical sites not optimally suited linear repair, require several staged procedures (Buncke Conway, 20(1):67–77, 1957; Bailey, 40(4):361–371, 1967; Fujimori, Treatment nevus Ota spilus. In: Kobayashi T, editor. Skin surface surgery. Tokyo: Kokuseido; 1990. p. 181–188; Kobyashi, 17(12):936–941, 1991; Cosman Ann 22(1):36–42, 1989). Laser began 1970s argon laser (488 514 nm), was continuous wave therefore resulted damage surrounding tissue (Apfelberg Br 32(2):141–144, 1979; Maser World 7(6):684–691, 1983; Brady 2(6):482–490, McBurney South 71(7):795–797, 1978). The ablative CO2 (10,600 nm) use past 25 years similarly results it non-specifically targets water (Bailin 6(12):997–1001, Reid Muller 65(6):717–721, Fitzpatrick 17(4):340–439, Modern Q-switched (QS) lasers, function based theory selective photothermolysis (Anderson Parrish Science 220(4596):524–527, Anderson Invest 93(1):28–32).