The multi-phase winds of Markarian 231: from the hot, nuclear, ultra-fast wind to the galaxy-scale, molecular outflow

摘要: Mrk 231 is a nearby ultra-luminous IR galaxy exhibiting kpc-scale, multi-phase AGN-driven outflow. This represents the best target to investigate in detail morphology and energetics of powerful outflows, as well their still poorly-understood expansion mechanism impact on host galaxy. In this work, we present sensitivity angular resolution maps molecular disk outflow 231, traced by CO(2−1) (3−2) observations obtained with IRAM/PdBI. addition, analyze archival deep Chandra NuSTAR X-ray observations. We use unprecedented combination multi-wavelength data sets constrain physical properties both outflow, presence highly-ionized ultra-fast nuclear wind, connection. The has size ~1 kpc, extends all directions around nucleus, being more prominent along south-west north-east direction, suggesting wide-angle biconical geometry. maximum projected velocity nearly constant out thus implying that density outflowing material must decrease from nucleus outwards ~r-2. suggests either large part gas leaves flow during its or bulk not yet reached limit age Myr. Mapping mass energy rates yields OF = [500−1000] M⊙ yr-1 Ėkin,OF [7−10] × 10^(43) erg s^(-1). total kinetic Ekin,OF same order disk, Edisk. Remarkably, our analysis reveals (UFO) −20 000 km s^(-1), UFO [0.3−2.1] M_⊙ yr^(-1), momentum load UFO/ rad [0.2−1.6]. find Ėkin,UFO ~ predicted for outflows undergoing an conserving expansion. most transferred mechanical kpc-scale strongly supporting released accretion matter onto super-massive black holes ultimate driver giant massive outflows. flux derived scale enables us estimate boost OF/ ≈ [30−60]. ratios Ėkin,UFO/Lbol,AGN [1−5] % Ėkin,OF/Lbol,AGN [1−3] agree requirements popular models AGN feedback.