A Zwitterionic Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatographic Photo Diode Array Method as a Tool to Investigate Oxalic Acid in Bees: Comparison with Mass Spectrometric Methods

摘要: Background: Oxalic acid constitutes beekeepers′ leading choice for the battle of parasitic mite Varroa destructor considering its efficacy, low cost, and easy application. Nevertheless, broad use reported synergistic effects prompted us to explore analytical methodologies determination in honeybees, especially after death incidents. Methods: The extraction oxalic from bees was conducted by applying a simplified water protocol. acid′s content honeybees investigated through novel zwiterionic hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatographic coupled photo diode array (ZIC-HILIC-PDA) method paralleled gas/liquid mass spectrometric methods. Results: validated, exhibiting sufficient limit quantification (LOQ) 1.46 μg/g bee bw precision accuracy within acceptable statistical limits as expressed relative standard deviation (RSD%) obtained repeatability-reproducibility recovery studies <12.5%. application 45 real honeybee samples demonstrated fluctuation acid’s concentrations 1.6 1202.4 bw, verifying frequent apiculture, exemplified an overall 19% positive samples. Conclusions: ZIC-HILIC-PDA proves pivotal alternative spectrometry tools other organic acids pertinent commodities.