Bilingualism for Dementia: Neurological Mechanisms Associated With Functional and Structural Changes in the Brain.

摘要: As the number of older adults increases, prevalence dementias, such as Alzheimer's dementia (AD), vascular dementia, with Lewy bodies, and frontotemporal also increases. Despite research into pharmacological approaches for treating diverse diseases, there is still no cure. Recently, novel non-pharmacological interventions are attracting attention. Non-pharmacological include cognitive stimulation, alterations in diet, physical activity, social engagement. Cognitive stimulating activities protect against negative effects decline caused by age-related neurogenerative diseases. Bilingualism one form stimulation that requires multiple aspects brain activity has been shown to delay onset symptoms patients approximately 4-5 years compared monolingual through reserve. The purpose this review was bilingualism protects associated AD other dementias. We discuss potential underlying neurological mechanisms, including: (1) adult neurogenesis, (2) enhancing synaptogenesis, (3) strengthening functional connectivity may clinical symptoms, (4) protecting white matter integrity, (5) preserving gray density.