Loss of seed dispersal before the loss of seed dispersers

摘要: Abstract Cryptic function loss occurs when the ecological of an animal population is significantly altered as a result disturbance, even though species still present in ecosystem. We reviewed evidence for cryptic to be widespread among seed disperser populations that persist under disturbed conditions. found overwhelming support dispersal effectiveness animals negatively impacted by all forms disturbance (population decline, changes community assemblages, habitat change, and climate change). However, was positively affected some examples, particularly extirpation interacting frugivore or predator enhanced fruit consumption. It essential we improve our understanding mechanisms which lost, disperser's remains viable, there are many unanswered questions hinder objective this threat. need consider how determined size small phenotypes. In addition, must increase behavioral impacts on it might regulated disturbance. The complexity flexibility interactions could mean communities adaptable changes; alternatively, ecosystems severely threatened because myriad ways multiple can simultaneously fact early signs hidden stable sizes.