Alternative approaches for better municipal solid waste management in Mumbai, India.

摘要: Waste is an unavoidable by product of human activities. Economic development, urbanization and improving living standards in cities, have led to increase the quantity complexity generated waste. Rapid growth population industrialization degrades urban environment places serious stress on natural resources, which undermines equitable sustainable development. Inefficient management disposal solid waste obvious cause degradation most cities developing world. Municipal corporations countries are not able handle increasing quantities waste, results uncollected roads other public places. There a need work towards system, requires environmental, institutional, financial, economic social sustainability. This study explores alternative approaches municipal (MSW) estimates cost Mumbai, India. Two alternatives considered paper community participation private partnership management. Data for present from various non-governmental organizations (NGOs) sector involved Mumbai. Mathematical models used estimate per ton both alternatives, compared with Corporation Greater Mumbai (MCGM). It found that Rs. 1518 (35 US dollars) participation; 1797 (41 (PPP); 1908 (44 when only MCGM handles Hence, least option there strong case comprehensively involving