CTLA-4-immunoglobulin and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in dominant tolerance

摘要: The immune system is delicately balanced between self-antigen-driven tolerance and pathogen-driven immunity. In the healthy individual, these two states represent a sliding scale of responsiveness. A shift toward extreme ends this scale, i.e., lack response or an excessive (such as in autoimmunity allergy) results pathophysiological conditions that may be at basis diseases. As consequence, several mechanisms have evolved to protect against T B cells harboring potential recognize become activated by self antigens. Establishment regulation are exerted levels. First, so-called “central tolerance”, which allows selection thymus (where gene AIRE permits expression tissue-specific genes), takes place during cell development, contributes preventing maturation autoreactive lymphocytes [1]–[4]. process, majority self-reactive deleted mechanism termed “negative selection”, but same time, some CD4+ differentiate CD4+CD25+Foxp3-expressing regulatory (Treg) lineage [5]–[7]. parameters specifying whether thymocytes (recessive tolerance) into Tregs (dominant remain unclarified.