Assessment of patients with isolated or combined dystonia: An update on dystonia syndromes

摘要: The clinical evaluation of a patient with dystonia is stepwise process, beginning classification the phenomenology movement disorder(s), then formulation syndrome, which, in turn, leads to targeted etiological differential diagnosis. In recent years, there have been significant advances our understanding basis dystonia, aided especially by discoveries imaging and genetics. this review, we provide an update on assessment including highlighting how integrate clinical, imaging, blood, neurophysiological investigations order formulate syndrome. Evolving or emerging syndromes are reviewed, potential etiologies these as well established listed guide diagnostic testing. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society.