Effects of single and multiple herbivory by host and non‐host caterpillars on the attractiveness of herbivore‐induced volatiles of sugarcane to the generalist parasitoid Cotesia flavipes

摘要: It is well known that parasitoids are attracted to volatiles emitted by host‐damaged plants; however, this tritrophic interaction may change if plants attacked more than one herbivore species. The larval parasitoid Cotesia flavipesCameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) has been used intensively in Brazil control the sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalisFabricius (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) crops, where Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) Noctuidae), a non‐stemborer lepidopteran, also pest. Here, we investigated ability of C. flavipes discriminate between an unsuitable host (S. frugiperda) and suitable (D. saccharalis) based on herbivore‐induced plant (HIPVs) sugarcane, whether multiple herbivory (D. saccharalis feeding stalk + S. frugiperda leaves) affected attractiveness HIPVs C. flavipes. Olfactometer assays indicated non‐host‐damaged were attractive Even though host‐ considerably different volatile blends, neither naive nor experienced wasps discriminated hosts means sugarcane. With regard herbivory, innately preferred odor blend upon non‐host + host over host‐only damaged plants. Multiple caused suppression some relative have resulted from unaltered levels jasmonic acid plants, or reduced palatability S. frugiperda. In conclusion, our study showed responds wide range does not non‐host caterpillars Moreover, borer fall armyworm increases parasitoids.