Hungarian Priority in Network Theory

摘要: Frigyes Karinthy (1887–1938) is one of the most significant Hungarian writers 20th century. It was quite exciting to discover by chance that can also be regarded as first recognize so-called “small world phenomenon.” Until now, three American scientists, Stanley Milgram (who outlined this phenomenon in 1967) ([1][1]), Ithiel de Solla Pool, and Manfred Kochen ([2][2]) have been recognized discoverers ([3][3]). However, wrote following a short story “Lancszemek” (“Chain links”) his 1929 collection humorous stories Minden maskeppen van ( Everything Is Other Way ) ([4][4]): > To prove nowadays population Earth every aspect much more closely interconnected, than it has ever been, member our gathering proposed test. Let us pick at will any given existing person from among half billion inhabitants Earth, location.' Then friend bet he could establish via direct personal links connection through five other persons, them being acquaintance. ‘As people would say, look, you know X.Y., please tell him Z.V., who acquaintance….so so.’ ‘OK,’ said listener, ‘then take for example Zelma Lagerloff’ (literature Nobelist, 1909). Our placing remarked nothing easier. He thought only two seconds. ‘Right,’ said, ‘so Lagerloff, obviously knew Swedish king Gustav, since handed her prize, required ceremony. passionate tennis player, participated large international contests, evidently played with Kehrling (Bela Kehrling, champion winner Goteborg olympics 1924, 1891–1937), whom well respected.’ ‘Myself,’ (he strong player) ‘I directly.’ Here chain, were needed out stated maximum five. The then goes on give another, difficult phenomenon. Of course, because work never translated into English, Karinthy's not known outside Hungary, neither Pool 1978, nor 1967, read cited Karinthy. Nonetheless, “priority” clear. 1. 1.[↵][5]1. S. Milgram , Psychol. Today 1, 61 (1967). [OpenUrl][6][Web Science][7] 2. 2.[↵][8]1. I. Sola 2. M. Kochen Social Networks 5 (1978). [OpenUrl][9][CrossRef][10][Web Science][11] 3. 3.[↵][12]1. E. Garfield Essays an Information Scientist (ISI Press, Philadelphia, 1981), vol. 4, p. 299. [OpenUrl][13] 4. 4.[↵][14]1. F. Karinthy (Everything Way) (Atheneum Budapest, 1929), 85 p. [1]: #ref-1 [2]: #ref-2 [3]: #ref-3 [4]: #ref-4 [5]: #xref-ref-1-1 "View reference 1. text" [6]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DPsychol.%2BToday%26rft.volume%253D1%26rft.spage%253D61%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [7]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=A1967ZK28400008&link_type=ISI [8]: #xref-ref-2-1 [9]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DSocial%2BNetworks%26rft.volume%253D1%26rft.spage%253D5%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1016%252F0378-8733%252878%252990011-4%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [10]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1016/0378-8733(78)90011-4&link_type=DOI [11]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=A1978FY60200001&link_type=ISI [12]: #xref-ref-3-1 3. [13]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DEssays%2Bof%2Ban%2BInformation%2BScientist%26rft.volume%253D4%26rft.spage%253D299%26rft.atitle%253DESSAYS%2BOF%2BAN%2BINFORMATION%2BSCIENTIST%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [14]: #xref-ref-4-1 4. text"