Cost-share conservation practices have mixed effects on priority grassland and shrubland breeding bird occupancy in the Central Hardwoods Bird Conservation Region, USA

摘要: Abstract Globally, agricultural ecosystems continue to be the most imperiled for biodiversity. Subsequently, countries focused on cost-share conservation programs whereby private landowners are paid conserve or restore their land. In United States, populations of grassland and shrubland breeding birds decline, despite state, federal, programs. We related avian occupancy across Central Hardwoods Bird Conservation Region using spatially explicit patch-scale survey data. Once per year from 2008 2012, we surveyed 5303 discreet points 9 bird species roadside 5-min point-count surveys in 37 counties 7 states. modeled point-specific land cover heterogeneity conjunction with program information a multi-season robust-design model. Land-cover covariates were important models occupancy. For every except Bell's vireo (Vireo bellii), Field sparrow (Spizella pusilla), Prairie warbler (Setophaga discolor), addition best-supported land-cover improved model fit, though effects mixed. Eastern meadowlark was negatively correlated presence conservation. Alternatively, Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) 200% greater when practice at point rather than being located 4 km away. If is going reverse biodiversity declines ecosystems, then scale-appropriate will need used prioritize future implementation because status quo provides limited mixed