A Systematic and Analytical Review of the Socioeconomic and Environmental Impact of the Deployed High-Speed Rail (HSR) Systems on the World

摘要: The installation of high-speed rail in the world during last two decades resulted significant socioeconomic and environmental changes. U.S. has longest network world, but focus is on carrying a wide variety loads including coal, farm crops, industrial products, commercial goods, miscellaneous mixed shipments. Freight passenger services dates to 1970, with both carried out by private railway companies. Railways were main means transport between cities from late 19th century through middle 20th century. However, rapid growth production improvements technologies changed those dynamics. fierce competition for comfortability pleasantness travel proliferation aviation channeled federal state budgets towards motor vehicle infrastructure, which brought demand railroads halt 1950s. Presently, no trains, aside sections Amtrak s Acela line Northeast Corridor that can reach 150 mph only 34 miles its 457-mile span. average speed New York Boston about 65 mph. On other hand, China fastest largest network, more than 19,000 miles, vast majority was built past decade. Japan bullet trains nearly 200 per hour 1960s. That system moved 9 billion people without single casualty. In this systematic review, we studied effect High-Speed Rail (HSR) countries France, Japan, Germany, Italy, terms energy consumption, land use, economic development, behavior, time human health, quality life.