摘要: [1] Ruddiman (2003) proposed that late Holocene anthropogenic intervention caused CH4 and CO2 increases kept climate from cooling preindustrial pandemics decreases a small cooling. Every aspect of this early hypothesis has been challenged: the timescale, issue stage 11 as better analog, ability human activities to account for gas anomalies, impact pandemics. This review finds trends are anomalous in all ice timescales; greenhouse gases decreased during closest insolation analog; disproportionate biomass burning rice irrigation can explain methane anomaly; half decrease since 1000 years ago. Only ∼25% anomaly can, however, be explained by carbon deforestation. The remainder must have come system feedbacks, including ocean remained anomalously warm because intervention.
harvard.edu
whoi.edu
agu.org参考文章(122)
W.S. Reeburgh, Global Methane Biogeochemistry Treatise on Geochemistry. ,vol. 5, pp. 71- 94 ,(2014) , 10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.00403-4
Daniel Zohary, Maria Hopf, Ehud Weiss, Domestication of plants in the old world ,(1988)
Kent Deng, China, Tang, Song and Yuan dynasties Oxford University Press. ,(2003)
M. Elvin, Three Thousand Years of Unsustainable Development: China's Environment from Archaic Times to the Present East Asian history. pp. 7- 46 ,(1993)
Christopher Taylor, Village and farmstead: A history of rural settlement in England ,(1983)
André Berger, Marie-France Loutre, Climate 400,000 years ago, a key to the future? Earth's Climate and Orbital Eccentricity: The Marine Isotope Stage 11 Question. ,vol. 137, pp. 17- 26 ,(2003) , 10.1029/137GM02
J. Donald Hughes, Ecology in ancient civilizations ,(1975)
R. A. Houghton, J. L. Hackler, Sources and sinks of carbon from land-use change in China Global Biogeochemical Cycles. ,vol. 17, pp. n/a- n/a ,(2003) , 10.1029/2002GB001970
Stanford Lehmberg, Trees and Man: The Forest in the Middle Ages History: Reviews of New Books. ,vol. 19, pp. 119- 119 ,(1991) , 10.1080/03612759.1991.9949272
Frederick F. Cartwright, Disease and history ,(1972)