Reproductive parameters and cub survival of brown bears in the Rusha area of the Shiretoko Peninsula, Hokkaido, Japan.

摘要: Knowing the reproductive characteristics of a species is essential for appropriate conservation and management wildlife. In this study, we investigated demographic parameters, including age primiparity, litter size, inter-birth interval, rate, cub survival Hokkaido brown bears (Ursus arctos yesoensis) in Rusha area on Shiretoko Peninsula, Hokkaido, Japan, based long-term, individual-based monitoring survey. A total 15 philopatric females were observed nearly every year from 2006 to 2016, these observations used estimate parameters. The mean primiparity was 5.3 ± 0.2 (SE) years (n = 7, 95% CI 5.0-5.6). We 81 cubs 46 litters bears. Litter size ranged one three cubs, averaged 1.76 0.08 cubs/litter (95% 1.61-1.91). Inter-birth intervals 1 4 years, value estimated as 2.43 2.16-2.76) 2.53 2.26-2.85) all that survived at least their first year, respectively. rate 0.70 0.76 young born/year/reproductive adult female, depending method calculation. between 0.5 1.5 60 73%. Most disappearances occurred July August, suggesting mortality mainly due poor nutrition summer. All parameters Peninsula fell within range reported Europe North America, among lowest or shortest intervals, ranked high level rate.