Parasite-induced behavioural changes to the trade-off between foraging and predator evasion in a marine snail

摘要: Abstract Trophic interactions in ecological communities not only affect consumer-resource densities, but also induce phenotypic responses that can ripple through a food web to influence prey resources, competitors and other predators (i.e. trait-mediated interactions). Predators short-term trade-off decisions species behavioural alterations, yet the role of parasites context is rarely discussed, despite our extensive knowledge parasite-induced alterations. Adding picture, foraging–predation presents an interesting case where effects predator- occur conjunction. Empirical studies on effect anti-predator are still scarce, especially marine systems. Our experiments used mud snails, Zeacumantus subcarinatus (Batillariidae), infected with trematode Maritrema novaezealandensis Philophthalmus sp. investigate trematode-induced alterations between acquisition predator avoidance presence range predation cues. We found time taken initiate was overall significantly shorter M. novaezealandensis-infected snails than uninfected while it longer for Philophthalmus-infected snails. In simultaneous odours from injured conspecific crab predator, however, reaction did differ were markedly slower former groups. results demonstrate species-specific changes imminent risk. However, trematodes feeding fleeing times detected experiments; thus, net parasitism remains unknown.