Resolving Human-Wildlife Conflicts: The Science of Wildlife Damage Management

摘要: Philosophy Definitions Philosophies of Wildlife Management What Positive Values Are Provided by Wildlife? Is Damage Management? Why Worry About Human-Wildlife Conflicts? Contributions to the Larger Field Alternative for In a Name? Necessary Ingredients The Role Government in Biologists History Prehistoric Ancient World Medieval Europe Colonial America from 1620 1776 U.S. 1880 Closing Frontier and Industrial Revolution Sparked New Consequences Wars Great Depression on Modern 21st Century: Now? Threats Human Safety Do Animals Attack People? How Often Humans Injured or Killed Snakebites Bear Attacks Shark Alligator Wolves Coyotes Cougar Large Herbivores Has There Been Recent Increase North America? Can Be Done Reduce Frequency Humans? Injuries Fatalities Ungulate-Automobile Collisions Bird-Aircraft Zoonoses Bacterial Diseases Viral Fungal Disease Economics Economic Analysis Sources Data about It Important Have Accurate Losses Damage? Measuring Making Direct Assessment Assessing Extent Surveying People Lost Opportunity Costs Worldwide High Levels Mean that Populations Too High? Agricultural Production Other Parts Environmental Exotic Species An Species? Impacts Native Biota Hawaii Galapagos Islands Guam Australia Resolving Problems Caused We Predict when an Will Cause Which Sites Vulnerable Developing Integrated Program Stop Spread Exotics Lethal Control Intrinsic Growth Rates Effect Does have Population's Birth Mortality Rates? Immigration Rate? Correlation between Population Change as Their Increase? Should Techniques Directed at specific Individuals, Specific Subpopulations, Entire Population? Methods Legal? Effective Reducing Used Ahead Time Prevent Only After has Begun? Cost Effective? Pose Risk Nontarget Humane Socially Acceptable? Common Fertility Normal Reproductive Function Mechanical Surgical Disrupting Endocrine Regulation Immunocontraception Administering Drugs Controlling Release Antifertility Drug Body When Use Contraception Uses Oiling, Addling, Puncturing Eggs Efforts Resolfe Conflicts Using Immunocontraceptives are Drawbacks Contraception? Public Perceptions Laws Governing Manage Translocation Examples Resolve Translocated Return Site where They Were Captured? Replace Ones so Problem Persists? Create Same Elsewhere? Happens Animals? Resident Populations? Cost-Effective? Governmental Policies Concerning Nuisance Warranted? Fear-Provoking Stimuli Visula Auditory Olfactory Chemical Habituation Delayed? Live Predators Guard Dogs Hazing Harassment Repellants Plants Chemicals Defend Themselves Biological Basis Food Preferences Types Conditioned Aversions Based Deception Similarities Batesian Mimicry DBFA Factors Influencing Repellant Effectiveness Vertebrate Diversion Optimal Foraging Theory Group Formation Antipredator Behavior - A Natural Form Creating through Habitat Modification Response Supplemental Type Crop Diversion? Where Feeder Station be Located? Predicted? Better, Diversionary Crops Stations? with Techniques? Exclusion Fencing Fences Exclude Deer Predation Livestock Nesting Birds Barriers Protect Individual trees Exclusionary Devices Beaver Rebuilding Dams Trap-Barrier System Rat Rice Fields Solve Bird Excluding Buildings Manipulation Modifying Resource around Landscape Level Dimensions Societal Responses Differences Attitudes toward Stakeholder Impact Person's Concept Cultural Carrying Capacity is So Controversial? Policy Decisions Regarding Forming Partnerships Agencies Suffering Dimension People's Accurate? Approach Blackbird Sunflowers Fish Farms Protecting Ground-Nesting Mammalian Appendix Latin Names Mentioned Text All chapters include Summary section Literature Cited.