Protein kinase C in cancer: The top five unanswered questions

摘要: Few kinases have been studied as extensively protein kinase C (PKC), particularly in the context of cancer. As major cellular targets for phorbol ester tumor promoters and diacylglycerol (DAG), a second messenger generated by stimulation membrane receptors, PKC isozymes play roles control signaling pathways associated with proliferation, migration, invasion, tumorigenesis, metastasis. However, despite decades research, fundamental questions remain to be answered or are subject intense controversy. Primary among these unresolved issues role either promoter suppressor incomplete understanding on isozyme-specific substrates effectors. The involvement cancer progression needs reassessed specific oncogenic suppressing alterations. In addition, there still hurdles addressing function due limited specificity most pharmacological modulators lack validated predictive biomarkers response, which impacts translation agents clinic. this review we focus key controversial upcoming challenges, expectation that intricacies will help fulfill yet unsuccessful promise targeting PKCs therapeutics.