Review: The future of cystatin engineering.

摘要: Plant cystatins are naturally occurring protease inhibitors that prevent proteolysis by papain-like cysteine proteases. Their protective action against environmental stresses has been relatively well characterised. Still, there is a need to greatly improve both potency and specificity based on the current rather poor performance of in biotechnological applications. Research creating more potent specific cystatins, including amino acid substitutions either conserved cystatin motifs and/or at variable sites, reviewed. Existing gaps for better understanding cystatin-protease interactions further explored. Current knowledge multi-cystatins or hybrid involving as an additional option engineering outlined along with nuances how unusual sequences might actually help engineering. Finally, future opportunities application highlighted which include applications genetically modified transgenic plants stress protection also nutraceuticals, part nutritious food. Further possible management diseases disorders, often associated lifestyle changes, most immediate promising inclusion into plant-based recombinant protein production platforms.