Nanofiltration water-softening apparatus and method

摘要: An apparatus and methods for softening water is disclosed. In particular, an method without the addition of ions wastewater stream The generally includes at least one nanofiltration filter element configured arranged to receive input flow hard water, discharge output permeate comprising a portion flow, non-permeate flow. typically has average pore size that permits passage monovalent but substantially prevents divalent ions.