摘要: Years of work have gone into algorithms and optimizations for two-player perfect-information games such as Chess Checkers. It is only more recently that serious research has with imperfect information, Bridge, or game than two players teams players, Poker. This focuses on multi-player search in the card Hearts Spades, providing an overview past then presents new results regarding optimality current techniques need good opponent modeling search. We show we are already achieving near-optimal pruning Spades.