Old ingredients for a new recipe? Neem cake, a low-cost botanical by-product in the fight against mosquito-borne diseases

摘要: Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) represent an important threat to millions of people worldwide, since they act as vectors for pathogens, such malaria, yellow fever, dengue and West Nile. Control programmes mainly rely on chemical treatments against larvae, indoor residual spraying insecticide-treated bed nets. In recent years, huge efforts have been carried out propose new eco-friendly alternatives, with a special focus the evaluation plant-borne mosquitocidal compounds. Major examples are neem-based products (Azadirachta indica A. Juss, Meliaceae) that proven really effective range pests medical veterinary importance, including mosquitoes. Recent research highlighted neem cake, cheap by-product from oil extraction, is source metabolites. this review, we examined (i) latest achievements about cake metabolomics reference nor-terpenoid related content; (ii) ovicidal, larvicidal pupicidal toxicity Aedes, Anopheles Culex mosquito vectors; (iii) its non-target effects vertebrates; (iv) oviposition deterrence females. Overall, can be proposed low-cost chemicals build newer safer control tools vectors.