Live, Attenuated Salmonella Vaccine Vectors

摘要: There were few effective means available for preventing human infectious diseases prior to the beginning of 19th century, and millions people succumbed smallpox, cholera, diphtheria, typhoid fever, influenza. In late 1700s, Edward Jenner conceived notion vaccinate humans with a naturally attenuated virus protect against smallpox infection. More than century later, Louis Pasteur established basis modern live, vaccine technology by intentionally attenuating microorganism using it infection 1. The number vaccines in 21st industrialized countries has increased considerably since times (Fig. 1). ease which travel today from one country another an estimated 2.5 billion travelers per year. Virtually any place world can be reached within 36 hours, less incubation period most diseases. Thirty million alone trek regions every year where Hepatitis A is endemic, many others face potential exposure diarrhea-causing bacteria, yellow malaria. Vaccines these are inadequate or do not exist. also continues pressing need similar types developing particularly those ravaged natural disaster civil war. These needs accentuated increasing polarization between standards living rich poor nations make issues cost availability plainly evident.