Epidemiology of Bladder Cancer
作者： Debra T. Silverman , Patricia Hartge , Alan S. Morrison , Susan S. Devesa
DOI: 10.1016/S0889-8588(18)30360-5
关键词:
摘要: Approximately 49,000 people develop bladder cancer each year in the United States, with nearly half of these cases attributable to cigarette smoking. Occupational exposure certain aromatic amines also causes cancer. Many occupational groups including dye workers, rubber leather painters, truck drivers, and aluminum workers have increased risk. Less common risk factors include ionizing radiation, cyclophosphamide use, abuse phenacetin-contain ing analgesics, schistosomiasis infection. The roles diet, urinary tract infections stasis, chlorination by-products drinking water, genetic susceptibility need further research.
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