The Paradox of Redistribution and Strategies of Equality: Welfare State Institutions, Inequality and Poverty in the Western Countries

摘要: the structure of welfare state institutions. (2) A trade-off exists between degree low-income targeting and size redistributive budgets. (3) Outcomes market-based distribution are often more unequal than those earnings-related social insurance programs. We argue that institutions central importance for outcomes. Using new data, our comparative analyses effects different institutional types states on poverty inequality indicate differences lead to unexpected outcomes generate paradox redistribution: The we target benefits at poor concerned with creating equality via equal public transfers all, less likely reduce inequality. Social scientists reformers have long debated how policies should be designed so as best This debate involves two issues. One question concerns whether targeted or universal, is, they organized only include all citizens? In context nontargeted programs, another level benefits: Should related previous earnings in