Rheumatoid arthritis: Recent advances on its etiology, role of cytokines and pharmacotherapy.

摘要: An autoimmune disease is defined as a clinical syndrome resulted from an instigation of both T cell and B or individually, in the absence any present infection sort distinguishable cause. Clonal deletion auto reactive cells remains central canon immunology for decades, keeping role aside, which are actually guards to recognize entry foreign body. According NIH, 23.5 million Americans all together affected by these diseases. They rare, but with exception RA. Rheumatoid arthritis chronic systemic response multiple joints unknown ethology, progressive disability, complications, early death high socioeconomic costs. Its ancient old history found North American tribes since 1500 BCE, its etiology yet be explored. Current conventional biological therapies used RA not fulfilling need patients give only partial responses. There lack consistent liable biomarkers prognosis therapeutic response, toxicity. characterized hyperplasic synovium, production cytokines, chemokines, autoantibodies like rheumatoid factor (RF) anticitrullinated protein antibody (ACPA), osteoclastogensis, angiogenesis consequences cardiovascular, pulmonary, psychological, skeletal disorders. Cytokines, diverse group polypeptides, play critical pathogenesis Their involvement diseases rapidly growing area research. Among proinflammatory IL-1α/β TNF-α trigger intracellular molecular signalling pathway responsible that leads activation mesenchymal cell, recruitment innate adaptive immune system cells, synoviocytes term activates various mediators including tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) interleukin-8 (IL-8), resulting inflamed increase decrease lymphangiogensis. current pharmacotherapy should focus on their three phases progression i.e. prearthritis phase, transition phase phase. In this way we will able find keep balance between pro anti-inflammatory cytokines believe dogma For explore new agents, whether synthetic natural source answers unresolved provide quality life suffering specifically