Postmenopausal Bleeding: Ultrasound and Hydrosonography versus Hysteroscopy

摘要: Postmenopausal bleeding is a common complaint of women referred to gynaecologist. It usually defined as uterine in postmenopausal not taking exogenous hormonal treatment or at an unexpected time during cycle replacement therapy. The first aim the management these patients exclude presence endometrial cancer. In many western countries, cancer most gynaecological malignancy. Survival generally good, cases present early stage with abnormal vaginal bleeding. Ninety per cent are postmenopausal. Endometrial found 10–15% Other causes include oestrogens (30%), atrophic endometritis vaginitis cervical polyps (10%), hyperplasia (5%) and other diseases such sarcoma, trauma (10%).1 Around 5% cancers without any Occasionally, pyometrium cells on Papanicolaou smear asymptomatic signs risk strongly related exposure unopposed oestrogens. Oestrogen therapy, obesity oestrogen-secreting tumours considered factors, whereas oral contraceptives, progesterone therapy menopause reduce risk.