Renal perfusion parameters measured by contrast‐enhanced ultrasound in healthy dogs demonstrate a wide range of variability in the long‐term

摘要: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound may be helpful for detecting early renal microvascular damage and dysfunction in dogs. However, before this noninvasive imaging method can tested as an early-stage screening tool clinical patients, improved understanding of long-term variation healthy animals is needed. In prospective, secondary, longitudinal, serial measurements study, variability contrast-enhanced perfusion parameters was described eight dogs, using seven time points a period 83 weeks. Dogs were sedated with butorphanol (0.4 mg/kg), each kidney performed after intravenous bolus injection microbubble contrast agent (0.04 mL/kg). Time-intensity curves created from regions-of-interest drawn the cortex medulla. Intensity-related representing blood volume time-related velocity determined. A random-effects model restricted maximum likelihood used to estimate variance components. Within-dog coefficient defined ratio standard deviation over mean. Time-related such time-to-peak, rise fall had lowest within-dog variability. peak enhancement, wash-in wash-out area under curve, total washout rates high (coefficient > 45%). Authors therefore recommend use future studies perfusion. bilateral extremely low, particularly useful unilateral changes Future are needed compare findings dogs versus disease.