Nonhuman animal models of substance use disorders: Translational value and utility to basic science.

摘要: Abstract Background The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) recently released a Request for Information (RFI) soliciting comments nonhuman animal models of substance use disorders (SUD). Methods A literature review was performed to address the four topics outlined in RFI and one topic inspired by RFI: (1) that best recapitulate SUD, (2) balance trade-offs between resources ecological validity, (3) whose translational value are frequently misrepresented or overrepresented scientific community, (4) aspects SUD not currently being modeled animals, (5) optimal examining basic mechanisms which drugs produce their abuse-related effects. Results Models employ response-contingent drug administration, complex schedules reinforcement, measure behaviors mimic distinguishing features animals phylogenetically similar humans have greatest value. stable reproducible baselines behavior, lessen number uncontrolled variables, minimize influence extraneous factors at contributing reward reinforcement. Conclusions Nonhuman undergone significant refinements increase utility science SUD. existing describes numerous examples how these may be utilized answer mechanistic questions identify potential therapeutic interventions Progress field could accelerated further collaborations researchers using versus humans.