摘要: Intensive monitoring is a crucial component of the management shock. However, there little consensus about optimal strategies for monitoring. Although pulmonary artery catheter has been widely used, conflicting data exist utility this device. A variety other techniques have developed in hopes providing clinically useful information myocardial function, intravascular volume, and indices organ function. In addition, evolving evidence that targeting certain physiological goals may be most important early course chapter, we examine many available supporting their use.