Massively Parallel Reporter Assays: Defining Functional Psychiatric Genetic Variants across Biological Contexts

作者: Bernard Mulvey , Tomas Lagunas , Joseph D. Dougherty

DOI: 10.1101/2020.02.02.931337

关键词:

摘要: Abstract Neuropsychiatric phenotypes have been long known to be influenced by heritable risk factors. The past decade of genetic studies confirmed this directly, revealing specific common and rare variants enriched in disease cohorts. However, the early hope for these studies—that only a small set genes would responsible given disorder—proved false. picture that has emerged is far more complex: disorder may myriad coding noncoding effect size, and/or but severe large many de novo. Noncoding genomic sequences harbor portion variants, which molecular functions cannot usually inferred from sequence alone. This creates substantial barrier understanding higher-order biological systems underlying risk. Fortunately, proliferation technologies—namely, scalable oligonucleotide synthesis, high-throughput RNA sequencing, CRISPR, CRISPR derivatives—have opened novel avenues experimentally identifying biologically significant en masse. These advances yielded an especially versatile technique adaptable large-scale functional assays variation both transcribed regulatory features: Massively Parallel Reporter Assays (MPRAs). MPRAs are powerful tools can used screen tens thousands predefined effects single experiment. approach several ideal features psychiatric genetics, remains underutilized field date. To emphasize opportunities MPRA holds dissecting polygenicity, we review here its applications date, discuss ability test variables implicated disorders, illustrate flexibility with proof-of-principle, vivo cell-type implementation assay, envision future outcomes applying computational experimental neurogenetics.

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