摘要: The variety of case histories for butterfly taxa discussed in the previous sections exemplifies two major geographical contexts conservation interest. First, a few threatened taxa, mainly those found close to urban centres and demonstrably by human activities – predominantly associated with density extent settlement accompanying land-clearing drainage have become high profile cases as individual targets received (and, most cases, continue receive) attention based on relatively comprehensive understanding planning. Second, others are known, or strongly suspected, need equivalent but occur either (1) across wider landscapes biotopes rather than discrete sites and/or (2) remote areas where capability study manage them is very limited their management needs difficult define. Particularly relation second category, many these essentially ‘out sight’ authorities. Notwithstanding that such been degraded substantially, presumed fragmentation distributions other create remnant populations, define beyond broad generalities. However, better definition priorities itself clear priority progress be made. In addition, practical obvious generalities (such assuring site security abatement conspicuous threats) experimental, research augment basic ecological knowledge an important, even initially prevalent, precursor management. Establishing dynamics resource fundamental increasing effectiveness