Solar photospheric network properties and their cycle variation

摘要: We present a numerical simulation of the formation and evolution solar photospheric magnetic network over full cycle. The model exhibits realistic behavior as it produces large, unipolar concentrations flux in polar caps, power-law distribution with index –1.69, replacement timescale 19.3 hr, supergranule diameters 20 Mm. is especially telling accuracy, results from lower-latitude activity, accumulates residues any potential modeling inaccuracy oversimplification. In this case, main oversimplification absence sink for flux, causing an amount cap unsigned larger than expected by almost one order magnitude. Nonetheless, our simulated caps carry proper signed dipole moment, also show spatial good qualitative agreement recent high-latitude magnetographic observations Hinode. After last cycle emergence, extended until has recovered its quiet Sun initial condition. This permits estimate relaxation time toward baseline state characterizing periods suppressed such Maunder Grand Minimum. Our indicate relaxationmore » 2.9 yr, setting 2011 October soonest after which activity minimum could have qualified Maunder-type suggests that magnetism did not reach during between cycles 23 24.« less