Urban form and life-cycle energy consumption: Case studies at the city scale

摘要: By combining daily (operations) and embodied energy demands, this work estimates life-cycle demands for residents workers in different city settings. Using analyses (LCAs) of neighborhood types Austin, Texas, analysis fabricates five types, reflecting actual accessibility resident employment density profiles. Five residential three commercial are distributed across 16-kilometer (10-mile) radius regions, with demographics held constant, comparability. As expected, per-capita decrease increased density. Interestingly, savings via increases substantial. Though makes up only 10-20 percent total energy, suggest it should be included planning analyses. Overall, average use ranges from 140 gigajoule (GJ)/ year/capita the least dense Orlando-style setting to around 90 GJ/ maximum-density scenario, corresponding a 35 reduction demand. Energy reductions Phoenix, Seattle settings (relative an Orlando-based de- sign) 18, 22, 24 per-capita, respectively. Results provide rare view how annual both sectors affected by