Evaluating the push for tougher, more targeted policing in the Netherlands: Evidence from a citizen survey

摘要: In this study, we estimate the effects of a tougher, more targeted police response to criminal and disorderly behaviour ('proactive policing'). We use citizen survey providing unique data on hard-to-observe dimensions work for every single municipality in Netherlands. relate variation local policing strategies individual victimisation crime experience disorder fear over period 1993-2001. The sample includes some 370,000 residents randomly selected from Dutch population. control background characteristics fixed characteristics. find evidence that stricter law enforcement is effective reducing disorder, crime, violent property crime. Concentrating visible presence at 'hot spots' combating As result proactive during 2003-2005, went down substantially. Fear has been reduced as well.