Nitrogen deposition and nitrate leaching at forest edges exposed to high ammonia emissions in Southern Bavaria

摘要: The atmospheric deposition of air pollutants was studied by means monitoring canopy throughfall at six forest stands. investigation carried out in Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) forests Southern Bavaria with high ambient ammonia concentrations due to either adjacent intensive agriculture or poultry housing. Five plots transected the edges and interior from edge, 50, 150, about 400 m 800m interior. Additionally, nutrient concentration soil solution sampled suction cups each plot, C/N ratio humus layer also determined. variation between three investigated sites estimated using diffusive samplers. In order compare effects on European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) additional plotswere installed under these species a mixed stand. Bulk water samples were analysed for major ions (NO3-, NH4+, SO42-, Cl-, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+M).The results show substantial increase towards all ions. This so called 'edge effect' continued most cases until distance 50 150 edge. For both nitrogen deposition, it can be concluded that increased dry is main reason edge effect. Over 76% ratios into exceed 1.0. Except potassium, generally showed lower than spruce.Due floor, stand when compared their contrast nitrate export below rooting zone Nitrate spruce. Nitrogen budgets some negative, indicating reduction total ecosystem stock.The edges, especially areas pollution, receive much more parts closed As many studies conducted field stations central whole may underestimated. important consider geo-statistical models aiming estimate spatial critical values, an increasing fragmentation cover.