Pharmacokinetics of calcium-entry blockers☆

摘要: Abstract Effective use of drugs in therapy depends not only on clinical acumen but also the availability relevant pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data. Such information assists development safe dosing regimens, prediction abnormal handling states disease disorder anticipation drug interactions. For calciumentry blocking agents now available United States (verapamil, nifedipine diltiazem), these data appeared well after patterns evolved. Nonetheless, their relevance continues to be demonstrated by dependence each agent intact liver blood flow function for normal rates elimination; nonlinear kinetic characteristics verapamil diltiazem (and probably nifedipine, as well) derivative implications decreased frequency requirements; observations appearing relation between plasma levels effects, both therapeutic toxic. are discussed herein, with emphasis those aspects that impact calcium-entry antagonists.