Intermediate Filaments: A Review

摘要: 1 Introduction.- 2 Distribution of Intermediate Filaments.- 2.1 Intercellular 2.1.1 Filaments in Early Differentiation.- 2.1.1.1 Murine Embryogenesis.- 2.1.1.2 Chick 2.1.1.3 Teratocarcinoma Cells.- 2.1.1.4 Epithelial Cell 2.1.1.5 Myogenesis.- 2.1.2 Filament Proteins Differentiated Tissues.- 2.1.2.1 Cytokeratins.- 2.1.2.2 Desmin.- 2.1.2.3 Vimentin.- 2.1.2.4 Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP).- 2.1.2.5 Neurofilament Proteins.- 2.1.3 Disease.- 2.1.3.1 Tumor Diagnosis.- 2.1.3.2 Mallory Bodies.- 2.1.3.3 Neuropathies.- 2.1.3.4 Autoantibodies.- 2.1.4 Evolution.- 2.1.5 Potential Subunit 2.1.5.1 Synemin.- 2.1.5.2 Paranemin.- 2.1.5.3 66 kDa Protein.- 2.1.5.4 68 2.1.5.5 95 2.1.5.6 50 2.1.5.7 60 to 70 Filament-Associated 2.1.6 Culture.- 2.1.6.1 2.1.6.2 2.1.6.3 2.1.6.4 2.1.6.5 2.2 Intracellular and Their Interaction with Organelles 2.2.1 Microtubules.- 2.2.2 Microfilaments.- 2.2.3 Mitochondria.- 2.2.4 Plasma Membrane.- 2.2.5 Nucleus.- 2.2.6 Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Apparatus.- 2.2.7 Other Cellular Organelles.- 2.2.8 Enzymatic Activities.- 2.2.8.1 Filaggrin.- 2.2.8.2 Microtubule-Associated (MAPs).- 2.2.8.3 Enzymes 2.2.9 Muscle.- 2.3 Reorganization Systems.- 2.3.1 Mitosis.- 2.3.2 Microinjection Antibodies.- 2.3.3 Virus Infection.- 2.3.4 Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis.- 2.3.5 Drugs, Toxins, Growth Factors.- 2.3.6 Physical Manipulations.- 2.3.7 Spreading.- 2.4 In Vivo Assembly 2.5 Isolation Composition 3 Vitro Structure 3.1 Reconstitution.- 3.1.1 Cytokeratin 3.1.2 Vimentin Desmin 3.1.3 3.1.4 Neurofilaments.- 3.2 Helical Substructure.- 3.3 Architecture Protofilaments.- 3.3.1 Three-Strand Model 3.3.2 Four-Strand 3.4 Function the N-Terminal Polypeptide.- 3.5 3.5.1 Peptide Mapping.- 3.5.2 Amino Acid Composition.- 3.5.3 Sequence.- 3.5.3.1 3.5.3.2 3.5.3.3 3.5.3.4 3.5.3.5 3.5.3.6 Wool ?-Keratins.- 3.5.3.7 General Remarks on 4 Synthesis Vitro.- 5 Posttranslational Modification 5.1 Phosphorylation 5.1.1 5.1.2 5.1.3 5.1.4 Sites.- 5.1.5 Functional Role Phosphorylation.- 5.2 Ca2+-Dependent Proteolysis 5.2.1 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.2.4 5.2.5 Relatedness Different Ca2+-Activated Proteinases.- 5.2.6 Putative Site Action 5.3 by Transglutaminases.- 5.3.1 Neurofibrillary Tangles.- 5.3.2 Transglutaminases Nonneural 5.3.3 Properties 5.3.4 Are Proteinases Jointly Involved Endocytosis?.- 6 Function(s) 6.1 Nucleic Acids Histones.- 6.2 Information Transfer?.- 6.3 Possible Nerve 6.4 Muscle 7 Summary Concluding Remarks.- References.