Testosterone Therapy and the Heart

摘要: Testosterone (T) therapy has been offered to men who have low T levels, are symptomatic with classical androgen deficiency syndromes, induce and maintain secondary sex characteristics improve muscle mass strength, bone mineral density, their sexual function, sense of well-being. Hypogonadism is a clinical syndrome that caused by inability the testis produce physiological levels in men. The age-related reduction result defects both hypothalamic-pituitary testicular function. A diagnosis should be made only when serum consistent symptoms signs encountered It not recommended offer all older level. decision on an individualized basis for clinically significant consistently Hyperandrogenemia women hypoandrogenemia associated increased risk coronary artery disease. In addition, these states insulin resistance, visceral obesity, elevated triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, lowdensitylipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1). These gender differences confounders make exact role endogenous androgens atherosclerosis unclear. contrast, exogenous exert apparently beneficial deleterious effects cardiovascular factors reducing PAI-1 (apparently deleterious), HDL-C, insulin, leptin, lipoprotein(a), fat beneficial), fibrinogen as well Androgen-induced circulating HDL-C reflexively considered pro-atherogenic, because it may show reverse transport instead. Short-term use supraphysiological doses can decrease severity frequency angina pectoris electrocardiographic myocardial ischaemia; yet long-term determined. Nonetheless, pharmacological particularly flow-mediated dilatation arterial compliance must interpreted caution, since addition at concentrations detrimental effects, neutral, vascular reactivity observed. induces anti-atherogenic effect facilitating efflux cellular HDL pro-atherogenic macrophage function increasing uptake modified lipoproteins.