Evidence for the effects of HIV antibody counseling and testing on risk behaviors.

摘要: Objective. —To review published abstracts, journal articles, and presentations for evidence of the effects human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody counseling testing on risk behaviors. Studies reviewed focused homosexual men, intravenous drug users in treatment programs, pregnant women, other heterosexuals. Data Sources. —Peer-reviewed journals (January 1986 through July 1990) abstracts oral from second (1986) sixth (1990) International Conferences AIDS. Study Selection. —We identified 66 studies that included data behavioral HIV testing. By consensus authors, 16 these were excluded because small sample size or inadequate study design. Extraction. —Studies assessed by authors according to methodological strength (sample selection, inclusion appropriate comparison groups, statistical tests significance). Synthesis. —All longitudinal men reported reductions risky behavior among both tested untested a few greater decreases seropositive than seronegative those unaware their serostatus. For treatment, we found use sexual behaviors regardless experience. We little impact pregnancy and/or termination rates either high-risk women. noted substantial reduction heterosexual couples with one infected partner. Findings heterosexuals at increased scanty mixed. Conclusions. —Further should specifically address consequences various settings. (JAMA. 1991;266:2419-2429)