Diversity, Sources, and Detection of Human Bacterial Pathogens in the Marine Environment

摘要: Disease outbreaks in marine organisms appear to be escalating worldwide (Harvell et al., 1999, 2002) and a growing number of human bacterial infections have been associated with recreational commercial uses resources (Tamplin, 2001). Whether these increases reflect better reporting or global trends is subject active research (reviewed Harvell 2002; Rose 2001; Lipp 2002); however, light heightened dependence on environments for fisheries, aquaculture, waste disposal, recreation, the potential pathogen emergence from ocean ecosystems requires investigation. A surprising pathogens reported probability their transmission humans correlated factors that affect distribution. Both indigenous introduced can cause illness acquired occurrence depends ecology, source, survival. To judge risk pathogens, levels indicator are routinely monitored at coastal sites. However, methods targeting specific increasingly used only way predict populations. In this chapter, we review recognized found associations (Section 2.2), routes humans, including seafood consumption, seawater exposure (including aerosols), zoonoses 2.3), discuss available assess public-health risks (Sections 2.4 2.5).