Genetic Variation and Evolution

摘要: This chapter emphasizes fungal genetics and evolution. Three concepts for population are individual, population, species. The sexual process in fungi involves three key steps: cell fusion, nuclear fusion meiosis. five basic types of life cycle haploid, haploid-dikaryotic, haploid–diploid, diploid, asexual process. occurs only if two strains that differ mating type interact, as breeding systems with types, unifactorial incompatibility many bifactorial systems. Self-fertile species occur all major groups fungi. also discusses differentiation, its roles relationship to outcrossing. There which the has not been observed, including about 14,000 mitosporic species—about 20% known Gene mutation is source genetic variability. transfer genes between populations spatially separated less likely exchange termed gene flow. Microevolution refers small changes usually reversible sufficient speed be accessible observation experiment. takes form frequency alleles. Factors bringing microevolution pressure, flow, natural selection, random drift, founder effect molecular drive. close resemblance successive implies speciation—the origin a new from pre-existing Traditional classification diversity includes artificial. correct identification important plant pathology, medical veterinary mycology, biodeterioration, biotechnology, environmental studies.