Globalisation in marine ecosystems: the story of non-indigenous marine species across European seas

摘要: The introduction of non-indigenous species (NIS) across the major European seas is a dynamic non-stop process. Up to September 2004, 851 NIS (the majority being zoobenthic organ- isms) have been reported in marine and brackish waters, during 1960s 1970s. Mediterranean by far recipient exotic with an average one every 4 wk over past 5 yr. Of 25 recorded 23 were only two Baltic. most updated patterns trends rate, mode establishment success introductions examined, revealing process similar other parts world, but uniqueness migrants through Suez Canal into (Lessepsian or Erythrean migration). Shipping appears be vector (excluding Lessepsian Aquaculture also important target outnumbered those introduced unintentionally. More than half immigrants estab- lished at least regional sea. However, for significant part both remain unknown. Finally, comparing taxa not as accurate could wished because there are differences spatial taxonomic effort study NIS. These lead conclusion that number remains underestimate, calling continuous updating systematic research.